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Technical SEO Auditing

Audit any website the way professional SEO specialists do. Crawl it, compare the data with Search Console, diagnose what blocks rankings, and hand developers fixes they can ship.

  • Free, no sign-up
  • 84 short lessons
  • About 6.5 hours
  • 252 hands-on activities
  • Intermediate level

By the end of this course, you can

  • Configure and run a full website crawl, then read the exports with confidence
  • Diagnose status code, redirect, indexability, and duplicate URL problems
  • Audit Core Web Vitals, JavaScript rendering, and structured data
  • Prioritize findings by impact and effort into a clear issue register
  • Write a developer-ready audit report and verify every fix after release

Who it is for

  • SEO beginners who finished the basics and want real audit skills
  • Freelancers and VAs who sell SEO audits to clients
  • Developers and web admins who want to catch SEO problems before Google does
  • In-house marketers responsible for a large or growing website

What you need

  • The SEO for Beginners course or equivalent basics
  • A crawler such as Screaming Frog (the free version crawls up to 500 URLs)
  • Access to Google Search Console for a site, or a test site you own
  • A spreadsheet tool such as Google Sheets or Excel

How each lesson works

  1. ReadA 5 to 10 minute lesson in plain language with local examples.
  2. TryA quiz, tool, or checklist that gives instant feedback.
  3. ApplyOne small task to do on your own site or account today.

Curriculum

Module 1: Introduction to Technical SEO Auditing

Understand the audit process, its scope, and its objectives. 5 lessons · about 33 min

  1. 1.1
    What Is a Technical SEO Audit?

    A technical SEO audit checks whether search engines can crawl, render, and index your site: status codes, indexability, speed, and schema, plus the tools used.

    9 min · 3 activities

  2. 1.2
    Technical SEO Audit vs. General SEO Audit

    Technical SEO audit vs SEO audit: one inspects how the site works, the other also reviews content, keywords, and links. What each covers and which comes first.

    6 min · 3 activities

  3. 1.3
    When Should You Audit a Website?

    When to do a technical SEO audit: before launch, after a redesign or migration, after a sudden traffic drop, and once a year as routine website maintenance.

    6 min · 3 activities

  4. 1.4
    Types of Technical SEO Issues

    Eight types of technical SEO issues, from crawlability and redirects to duplicate URLs, Core Web Vitals, JavaScript, and schema, each with a real example.

    6 min · 3 activities

  5. 1.5
    Defining Audit Scope and Objectives

    Set technical SEO audit scope before crawling: which URLs and subdomains are in, which problem you are solving, the deadline, and how success is measured.

    6 min · 3 activities

Module 2: Website Crawling and URL Discovery

Configure a crawl and collect the data an audit needs. 7 lessons · about 36 min

  1. 2.1
    How SEO Crawlers Discover URLs

    How do SEO crawlers work? Tools like Screaming Frog and Googlebot start from seed URLs, follow links, read sitemaps, and miss pages nothing links to.

    6 min · 3 activities

  2. 2.2
    Configuring a Website Crawl

    Configure a website crawl the right way: user agent, JavaScript rendering, crawl speed, Search Console and sitemap integration, and saved crawl settings.

    5 min · 3 activities

  3. 2.3
    Crawl Scope, Limits, and Exclusions

    Crawl exclusions keep big crawls fast and focused. Set scope, URL limits, depth limits, and exclude patterns without hiding the problems you came to find.

    5 min · 3 activities

  4. 2.4
    Internal Links and Crawl Depth

    Crawl depth counts the clicks from the homepage to a page. Read click depth in a crawl report and bring important deep pages closer with better internal links.

    5 min · 3 activities

  5. 2.5
    Orphan Pages and URL Discovery

    How to find orphan pages: compare your crawl with sitemaps, Search Console, analytics, and server logs, then link, redirect, or remove each orphan.

    5 min · 3 activities

  6. 2.6
    Crawl Data vs. Search Engine Data

    Crawl data vs Search Console data: your crawler shows what can be found, Google shows what it chose to do. Why they disagree, and how to use both together.

    5 min · 3 activities

  7. 2.7
    Identifying Crawl Coverage Gaps

    Crawl coverage gaps are URLs your crawl never reached. Compare against sitemaps, Search Console, analytics, and logs, then sort missing URLs by cause.

    5 min · 3 activities

Module 3: HTTP Status Codes and Redirect Auditing

Diagnose broken links, server errors, and redirect problems. 7 lessons · about 34 min

  1. 3.1
    Understanding HTTP Status Codes

    HTTP status codes for SEO, decoded: 200, 301, 302, 404, 410, and 503, what each tells Google, and how to read the status column in a crawl export.

    5 min · 3 activities

  2. 3.2
    Finding 4xx Errors and Broken Links

    Find 404 and other 4xx errors in a crawl, trace the broken internal links behind them, and choose whether to fix the link, redirect the URL, or remove it.

    5 min · 3 activities

  3. 3.3
    Identifying 5xx Server Errors

    500, 502, 503, and 504 errors can push pages out of Google. Find 5xx server errors in a crawl and Search Console, rule out flukes, and brief developers.

    5 min · 3 activities

  4. 3.4
    Redirect Chains and Redirect Loops

    Redirect chains slow crawling and page loads, and loops never resolve at all. Find both in a crawl and flatten every chain into one direct redirect.

    5 min · 3 activities

  5. 3.5
    Internal Links to Redirected URLs

    Internal links to redirects add an extra hop for users and crawlers. Find them in a crawl export and update each link at its source to the final URL.

    5 min · 3 activities

  6. 3.6
    301 vs. 302 Redirects

    301 vs 302 redirect, plus 307 and 308: permanent vs temporary moves, how Google picks which URL to index, and how to catch wrong temporary redirects.

    4 min · 3 activities

  7. 3.7
    Auditing 404 Pages and Soft 404s

    Soft 404 errors are thin or empty pages that return 200 instead of 404. Check your error page status, find soft 404s, and fix each type properly.

    5 min · 3 activities

Module 4: Crawlability and Indexability Auditing

Find out which URLs search engines can access and index. 8 lessons · about 40 min

  1. 4.1
    Crawling vs. Indexing

    Crawling vs indexing: crawling fetches a page, indexing stores it for search. The controls behind each, and why a crawlable page can still stay out of Google.

    5 min · 3 activities

  2. 4.2
    Robots.txt Audit

    A robots.txt audit reads every rule, finds important pages and resources blocked by mistake, tests URLs against the file, and fixes errors safely.

    5 min · 3 activities

  3. 4.3
    Meta Robots and X-Robots-Tag

    Meta robots tags and X-Robots-Tag headers control indexing. Find accidental noindex in a crawl and audit the headers on PDFs and other non-HTML files.

    5 min · 3 activities

  4. 4.4
    Noindex and Canonical Conflicts

    Noindex and canonical together send Google mixed signals, and noindex behind a robots.txt block is never seen. Find each conflict and pick one clear signal.

    5 min · 3 activities

  5. 4.5
    XML Sitemap Validation

    XML sitemap validation: valid format, 50,000 URL and 50 MB limits, only 200-status indexable URLs, honest lastmod dates, and the Search Console report.

    5 min · 3 activities

  6. 4.6
    Canonical URL Auditing

    A canonical tag audit catches missing, broken, and non-indexable canonical targets, canonical chains, and Google-selected canonicals that override yours.

    5 min · 3 activities

  7. 4.7
    Identifying Indexability Conflicts

    Indexability issues often come from signals that disagree. Combine status codes, robots.txt, noindex, canonicals, sitemaps, and links into one check.

    5 min · 3 activities

  8. 4.8
    Comparing Crawl Data with Google Search Console

    Compare crawl data with Search Console's Pages report and URL Inspection to confirm what Google actually indexed, what it skipped, and the reasons why.

    5 min · 3 activities

Module 5: URL Structure and Duplicate Content Issues

Catch technical duplication and URL consistency problems. 7 lessons · about 34 min

  1. 5.1
    URL Structure and Normalization

    URL normalization makes one page answer at one address. Audit letter case, encoding, slashes, and parameters, and see what a clean URL structure looks like.

    4 min · 3 activities

  2. 5.2
    Duplicate URLs and Duplicate Pages

    Find duplicate content on a website: duplicate URLs show one page at many addresses, duplicate pages repeat content. Spot exact and near duplicates in a crawl.

    5 min · 3 activities

  3. 5.3
    HTTP vs. HTTPS and Hostname Variations

    An HTTP vs HTTPS SEO audit checks that every version, http, https, www, and non-www, lands on one secure host, with no mixed content or stray subdomains.

    5 min · 3 activities

  4. 5.4
    Trailing Slashes and URL Parameters

    URL parameters and inconsistent trailing slashes quietly multiply duplicate URLs. Audit both in a crawl and choose the right handling for each parameter type.

    5 min · 3 activities

  5. 5.5
    Pagination and Faceted Navigation

    Faceted navigation can create millions of filter URLs. Audit paginated series and filters, avoid crawl traps and index bloat, and pick which filters to index.

    5 min · 3 activities

  6. 5.6
    Canonicalization Strategies

    Canonicalization in SEO means choosing one preferred URL. When to use a 301, a canonical tag, noindex, or a content merge, and how to align every signal.

    5 min · 3 activities

  7. 5.7
    Internal Linking to Preferred URLs

    Internal links to non-canonical, redirected, parameter, or alternate-host URLs weaken your preferred pages. Find them and point every link to the canonical.

    5 min · 3 activities

Module 6: Technical On-Page Auditing

Find title, heading, metadata, and HTML issues at scale. 8 lessons · about 37 min

  1. 6.1
    Missing and Duplicate Title Tags

    Duplicate title tags usually come from one template. Find missing, duplicate, overlong, and multiple titles in a crawl, then fix the pattern at the source.

    5 min · 3 activities

  2. 6.2
    Missing and Duplicate Meta Descriptions

    Duplicate meta descriptions across hundreds of pages: find missing, repeated, overlong, and multiple tags, decide what matters, and use smart templates.

    5 min · 3 activities

  3. 6.3
    Missing, Duplicate, and Multiple H1 Headings

    Multiple H1 tags, missing H1s, and duplicate H1s across templates: find each in a crawl, catch H1s hidden in images or scripts, and fix the template.

    5 min · 3 activities

  4. 6.4
    Heading Hierarchy and HTML Structure

    Heading hierarchy, semantic HTML, and valid markup help search engines and screen readers read each page. A practical audit of HTML structure at scale.

    4 min · 3 activities

  5. 6.5
    Missing Image Alt Attributes

    A missing alt text audit separates decorative images from meaningful ones, flags weak alt text, and puts product and content images first in the fix list.

    5 min · 3 activities

  6. 6.6
    Internal Link and Anchor Text Issues

    An anchor text audit flags vague anchors like click here, nofollow internal links, empty anchors, link-heavy pages, and important pages with few inlinks.

    4 min · 3 activities

  7. 6.7
    Empty, Thin, and Near-Duplicate Pages

    A thin content audit uses word count and similarity scores to find empty, thin, and near-duplicate pages, then decides to improve, merge, noindex, or remove.

    5 min · 3 activities

  8. 6.8
    Auditing HTML Metadata at Scale

    Audit metadata at scale across thousands of URLs: titles, descriptions, H1s, canonicals, robots, Open Graph, hreflang, and viewport, using crawl exports.

    4 min · 3 activities

Module 7: Website Performance and Core Web Vitals

Investigate speed and page experience problems. 7 lessons · about 32 min

  1. 7.1
    Core Web Vitals: LCP, INP, and CLS

    Core Web Vitals explained: LCP for loading, INP for responsiveness, CLS for layout stability, their good thresholds, and the usual causes of poor scores.

    4 min · 3 activities

  2. 7.2
    Lab Data vs. Field Data

    Lab data vs field data: Lighthouse tests one simulated visit, CrUX reports real users. Why PageSpeed scores and Search Console disagree, and which to trust.

    4 min · 3 activities

  3. 7.3
    Identifying Slow Pages

    Find slow pages on a website by template, not one URL at a time: Search Console URL groups, the PageSpeed Insights API in a crawler, and server speed.

    5 min · 3 activities

  4. 7.4
    Image and Resource Optimization Opportunities

    An image optimization audit catches oversized files, missing width and height, old formats, eager loading below the fold, weak caching, and no compression.

    5 min · 3 activities

  5. 7.5
    JavaScript and CSS Performance

    A JavaScript and CSS performance audit finds render-blocking files, unused code, long tasks, and heavy third-party scripts, then reports clear fixes.

    5 min · 3 activities

  6. 7.6
    Mobile Usability and Responsive Rendering

    A mobile usability audit for mobile-first indexing: viewport, tap targets, font sizes, and content parity, now that Google retired its old report.

    4 min · 3 activities

  7. 7.7
    Prioritizing Performance Fixes

    Prioritize Core Web Vitals fixes by traffic, template reach, business value, and effort, so the first sprint improves the pages that matter most.

    5 min · 3 activities

Module 8: JavaScript SEO and Rendering

Check that content and links survive rendering. 7 lessons · about 34 min

  1. 8.1
    How Search Engines Process JavaScript

    How Google renders JavaScript: crawl, render queue, then index. Why rendering can lag, and why Bing and many AI crawlers may see less of your content.

    5 min · 3 activities

  2. 8.2
    HTML Source vs. Rendered HTML

    Source vs rendered HTML: the raw file the server sends vs the page after scripts run. Compare both in a crawler and URL Inspection, and spot gaps that matter.

    4 min · 3 activities

  3. 8.3
    Client-Side vs. Server-Side Rendering

    Client side vs server side rendering for SEO, plus static generation and hydration: how each delivers content, and how to tell which one a site uses.

    5 min · 3 activities

  4. 8.4
    JavaScript-Generated Content and Links

    JavaScript links SEO check: find content and links that appear only after scripts run, see which link formats Google follows, and fix uncrawlable menus.

    5 min · 3 activities

  5. 8.5
    Rendering Failures and Missing Content

    JavaScript rendering issues leave Google with blank or partial pages. Spot script errors, blocked resources, timeouts, and failed API calls behind them.

    5 min · 3 activities

  6. 8.6
    Lazy Loading and Crawl Accessibility

    Lazy loading, infinite scroll, and load more buttons can hide images, content, and links from Googlebot. Test each pattern and make it crawler friendly.

    5 min · 3 activities

  7. 8.7
    Diagnosing JavaScript SEO Problems

    A step-by-step method to diagnose JavaScript SEO issues: check raw HTML, render the page, test as Googlebot, compare crawls, confirm indexing, report fixes.

    5 min · 3 activities

Module 9: Structured Data and Schema Auditing

Validate schema markup and rich result eligibility. 7 lessons · about 32 min

  1. 9.1
    Structured Data and Schema.org Basics

    Structured data basics: Schema.org types and properties, how they become rich results, and what a structured data audit checks across a website.

    4 min · 3 activities

  2. 9.2
    JSON-LD and Structured Data Formats

    JSON-LD vs Microdata vs RDFa: three ways to write structured data, how to read a JSON-LD block line by line, and why Google recommends JSON-LD.

    4 min · 3 activities

  3. 9.3
    Finding Structured Data Across a Website

    Find structured data on a website at scale: extract schema with a crawler, map types to templates, spot coverage gaps, and check Search Console reports.

    4 min · 3 activities

  4. 9.4
    Detecting Invalid or Incomplete Markup

    Common schema markup errors: broken JSON, wrong types, missing required properties, invalid values, and markup that describes content not on the page.

    5 min · 3 activities

  5. 9.5
    Schema Validation and Rich Result Eligibility

    Rich Results Test vs Schema Markup Validator: one checks Google eligibility, the other checks Schema.org syntax. Why an eligible page still may not show.

    5 min · 3 activities

  6. 9.6
    Conflicting or Duplicate Structured Data

    Duplicate schema markup from themes, plugins, and tag managers creates conflicting entities. Detect it in a crawl and consolidate into one clean graph.

    5 min · 3 activities

  7. 9.7
    Prioritizing Schema Fixes

    Prioritize schema fixes by rich result value, template reach, error severity, and policy risk, turning a long validator report into a short action plan.

    5 min · 3 activities

Module 10: Analyzing Audit Data and Prioritizing Issues

Turn crawl exports into a ranked issue register. 7 lessons · about 29 min

  1. 10.1
    Reading Crawl Reports and Exports

    How to read crawl reports without drowning: overview tabs, issue reports, the CSV columns that matter most, and a clean working spreadsheet for analysis.

    4 min · 3 activities

  2. 10.2
    Grouping URLs by Issue Type

    Group SEO issues by template, issue type, and URL pattern, so thousands of crawl rows shrink into a short list of findings developers can fix.

    4 min · 3 activities

  3. 10.3
    Identifying Root Causes vs. Symptoms

    Root cause analysis for SEO: trace symptoms back to their source with the five whys, template inspection, and change history, so issues stop returning.

    4 min · 3 activities

  4. 10.4
    Evaluating Severity, Impact, and Effort

    Prioritize technical SEO issues with a simple score for severity, impact, confidence, and effort, so audit findings are ranked by evidence, not opinion.

    4 min · 3 activities

  5. 10.5
    Separating Sitewide and Isolated Issues

    Sitewide SEO issues need a template fix; isolated ones need page edits. Tell them apart, route each to the right owner, and catch hidden patterns.

    4 min · 3 activities

  6. 10.6
    Identifying False Positives

    SEO audit false positives waste developer time. Spot intentional settings, crawler limits, strict tool thresholds, and non-indexable URLs flagged as errors.

    5 min · 3 activities

  7. 10.7
    Building an Actionable Issue Register

    An SEO issue tracker template with IDs, scope, evidence, root cause, priority score, owner, and status, ready for reporting and follow-up.

    4 min · 3 activities

Module 11: Technical SEO Audit Reporting

Write findings that clients and developers can act on. 7 lessons · about 29 min

  1. 11.1
    Structuring a Technical SEO Audit Report

    Technical SEO audit report structure that busy readers follow: executive summary, scope, key findings, detailed findings, roadmap, and appendix.

    4 min · 3 activities

  2. 11.2
    Documenting Evidence and Affected URLs

    SEO audit evidence developers trust: example URLs, screenshots, code snippets, Search Console data, and complete affected URL lists for every finding.

    4 min · 3 activities

  3. 11.3
    Writing Developer-Ready Recommendations

    SEO recommendations for developers that get built: the problem, expected behavior, scope, acceptance criteria, and testing steps, with real examples.

    5 min · 3 activities

  4. 11.4
    Mapping Issues to Business and Search Impact

    Show SEO business impact by linking each technical issue to traffic, conversions, and revenue, explained in plain words that owners and managers act on.

    4 min · 3 activities

  5. 11.5
    Creating a Prioritized Remediation Roadmap

    An SEO remediation roadmap in phases: quick wins first, then sprints with dependencies, owners, and timelines that development teams can actually follow.

    4 min · 3 activities

  6. 11.6
    Presenting Findings to Stakeholders

    Present an SEO audit to a client or team: tailor the message for owners, marketers, and developers, run a focused meeting, and handle pushback calmly.

    4 min · 3 activities

  7. 11.7
    Tracking Fixes and Ownership

    Track SEO fixes after the audit ends: named owners, clear statuses, ticket links, short check-ins, and progress reports that keep work from stalling.

    4 min · 3 activities

Module 12: Fix Verification and Technical QA

Confirm fixes work and nothing new broke. 7 lessons · about 30 min

  1. 12.1
    Re-Crawling After Fixes

    Recrawl after SEO fixes with your saved settings: pick a full or list crawl, time it after deployment, and check each result against the issue register.

    4 min · 3 activities

  2. 12.2
    Comparing Before-and-After Crawl Results

    Compare two crawls for SEO: use compare mode, read changes in issue counts, inspect URL-level differences, and separate real improvements from regressions.

    4 min · 3 activities

  3. 12.3
    Verifying Redirects, Canonicals, and Indexability

    Verify redirects after migration and other high-risk fixes: redirect maps, one-hop redirects, canonicals, meta robots, robots.txt, and XML sitemaps.

    4 min · 3 activities

  4. 12.4
    Detecting Regressions and Newly Introduced Issues

    SEO regression testing catches new and reopened issues after releases, using scheduled crawls and alerts, then traces each one to a specific change.

    5 min · 3 activities

  5. 12.5
    Testing Website Changes Before Deployment

    SEO QA before deployment: protect staging from indexing, crawl it safely, compare it with production, and run a pre-launch checklist before every release.

    4 min · 3 activities

  6. 12.6
    Confirming Fixes with Search Console and Other Evidence

    Validate fixes in Search Console with URL Inspection and Validate Fix, then confirm with the Pages, Crawl Stats, and Core Web Vitals reports and traffic.

    4 min · 3 activities

  7. 12.7
    Closing Audit Findings and Recording Results

    Close SEO audit findings only with proof: record evidence and results, write a short closing report, and set up monitoring for the next audit cycle.

    5 min · 3 activities

Frequently asked questions

Do I need a paid crawler for this course?

No. The free version of Screaming Frog crawls up to 500 URLs, enough for every exercise. Paid tools help on bigger sites but are optional.

How is this different from the basic SEO audit lesson?

The beginner lesson is a quick health check. This course goes deep: crawl configuration, root causes, prioritization, reporting, and verifying fixes.

Do I need to know how to code?

No coding is required. You will read HTML, HTTP headers, and JSON-LD, and each lesson explains what to look for line by line.

Can I use this course to audit client websites?

Yes. Modules 10 to 12 cover the issue register, report structure, and fix verification you need to deliver a professional audit.

Ready to begin?

Lesson 1.1 takes about 9 minutes. No account needed.

Start the first lesson

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